Asian Needle Ants Found in NC
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Collapse ▲Cherokee County residents, it’s time to get acquainted with a new — and potentially problematic — neighbor: the Asian needle ant. While you might be used to seeing various ants scurrying around, this invasive species is gaining attention across North Carolina, including in our mountain areas, for its painful sting and ecological impact.
Asian needle and workers
According to experts at NC State Extension, the Asian needle ant ( Brachyponera chinensis ) is a distinct threat that differs from many other common ants. First identified in the U.S. in the 1930s, it’s only in recent years that its presence and potential impact have become widely recognized, particularly in the Southeast.
Unlike some of our more aggressive native ants or notorious invaders like fire ants, Asian needle ants aren’t typically found in massive, obvious mounds. They’re often seen roaming individually or in loose groups, making them easy to overlook.
Highlights about this ant:
- Appearance: They are medium-to-small in size, typically around 1/5 inch long. Their bodies are dark brown to black, with legs and mandibles (mouthparts) that are a lighter, often orange-ish brown. A key identifying feature is their prominent stinger that protrudes from their rear abdomen.
- Unique Behavior: One interesting trait that sets them apart is their inability to cling to smooth surfaces like glass. If you were to capture one in a glass jar, you’d observe it making futile attempts to climb the sides before settling at the bottom.
- Habitat Preferences: These ants prefer moist, damp environments. You’re likely to find their nests in places like rotting logs, leaf litter, under rocks, in loose soil, and even within man-made structures like around sprinkler systems or pavement cracks. Unlike many pest ants that thrive in disturbed areas, the Asian needle ant can also establish colonies in “natural areas” like forests.
- Painful Sting with Allergic Potential: True to its name, the sting of an Asian needle ant can be quite painful, often described as a sharp prick followed by a burning sensation. More concerning is the fact that their venom is, on average, more likely to cause an allergic reaction than a honey bee’s sting. For individuals prone to severe insect sting allergies, an Asian needle ant sting could lead to anaphylaxis, a serious medical emergency. Most stings occur when people accidentally place their hands on or near a nest, or when an ant gets trapped against their skin.
- Sneaky Home Invaders: While their colonies are generally smaller than those of highly common house pests, Asian needle ants are increasingly being found scavenging for food in residential kitchens and school cafeterias. While the sight of ants on food is a nuisance, the primary concern here is the increased risk of stings.
- Threat to Native Ecosystems: This is perhaps their most significant long-term impact. Asian needle ants are predatory, with a preference for termites, but they also prey on native ant species and other invertebrates. By outcompeting or directly consuming native ants, they disrupt crucial ecological roles like seed dispersal and the predation of forest pests, potentially throwing off the delicate balance of our local ecosystems.
If you suspect you have Asian needle ants on your property follow these recommendations:
- Identification: Confirming it’s an Asian needle ant is the first step. Look for the distinct features mentioned above, including their inability to climb glass.
- Careful Management: They are not aggressive like fire ants, but they will sting if pressured or threatened. If one lands on you, it’s best to flick it off rather than brush it. Wear gloves when gardening or handling yard debris, especially in moist, shady areas where they might nest.
- Professional Help: While protein-based insecticide baits have shown some promise in management, there isn’t a universally formalized treatment protocol for eradication. For effective control, it’s often best to consult with a local pest management professional who can accurately identify the ant and recommend targeted strategies.